Fluid-pressure engine.



No. 734,282. PATENTED JULY 21, 1903.

J. PENGILLY. FLUID PRESSURE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 2, 1902.

H0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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UNITED STATES 1 Patented. iui 2i, 190s.

JOHN PENGILLY, OF DOVER, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO- MOKIERNAN DRILLCOMPANY, OF NEW JERSEY.

DOVER, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF FLUID-PRESSURE ENGINIE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 734,282, dated July 21,1903.

Application filed October 2, 1902. Serial No. 125,678. (No model.) I

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN PENGILLY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Dover, in

the county of Morris, State of NewJersey, have invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Fluid Pressure Engines, of which the following isa full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to thedrawings accompanying and forming a partof the same.

This invention relates to improvements in fluid-pressure engines of thegeneral class or type of which those set forth in Patents Nos. 202,060and 407,043 are examples and wherein a valve of the piston type controlsthe movement of the piston in its cylinder, and such pis ton controlsthe movements of suchvalve by means of ports an d passages between thevalvechest and cylinder. The valve in this class of engines is actuatedby H uid-pressure of any desired kind accumulating at one end thereofand the discharge or exhaust of similar pressure at the other end whichhad previouslyaccumulated at that point and performed its work.

The object of my invention is to provide combinations of ports andpassages with avalve-chest and cylinder of a fluid-pressure engine,whereby the action of the valve may be improved.

My invention consists in. certain new and useful combinations of portsand passages be tween the valve chest and cylinder, all of which will behereinafter fully described, and particularlypointed out in the claims,which form a part of this specification.

Like letters of reference wherever they occur indicate correspondingparts in all of the figures.

Figure 1 shows in longitudinal section and in a diagrammatic way afluid-press ure engine of the above-named general type having myinvention applied thereto, with the piston and piston-valve in positionthey may assume and are so shown forexplanatorypurposes; Fig. 2 showsthe valve-chest in longitudinal section, as in Fig. 1, with thepiston-valve in its reverse position from that seen in Fig. 1. Fig. 3shows the portion of the cylinder of the engine which receives thevalve-chest and the chest itself in section on line 3 3 of Fig. 1 andwith the piston-valve removed to show the ports and passages as they mayappear in the portions thus shown. Fig. l sliows a modification in thearrangement of the passages leading out from the interior of thevalvechambjer to the ends of the same.

In Fig. 1, A represents the valve-chest; B,

the piston-valve working in the va1ve-chamber B of the chest, whichvalve, as shown, has four heads or piston portions a a a a connectedtogether by stems or portions 1), l1, and b the heads or end portions-0fthe valve or and a being preferably of considerably greater length ascompared to their diameter than is the case with the heads orportions aand (L The valve B has an endwise play or movement back and forth in itschamber B, as is common in this class of engines, and the ends of thevalve-chamber become cylinders or portions of a common cylinder inwhichthe heads a and a work back and forth by the admission and exhaust offluid-pressure to such cylinders or portions of a cylinder to act uponthe heads or piston portions or and a in a well-known manner. 0represents the cylinder; D, the piston having heads 01 and d andconnecting portion D and piston-rod D Between the piston-heads d and dan annular space 61 is formed by the entire wall of the cylinder and theexterior surface of D and inner end portions of heads a and a Thevalve-chest is provided with a suitable fluidpressure inlet A,(indicated by a dotted circle nearly midway of the valve-chamber B inFig. 1,) which is connected with any suitable supplysuch as a steam,compressedpassage 6, leading therefrom into and along the cylinder 0 tothe left-hand end, (seen in Fig. 1,) where such passage enters that endof the cylinder. A similar port or passage e is provided, leading fromnear the middle of the valve-chamber to the right-hand end of cylinder0. A port or passage c as shown, is formed in the valve-chamber betweenthe passages or ports 6 and e, which leads to an exhaust-chamber 6 whichopens to the atmosphere by an opening indicated by a dotted circle seenback of exhaust-chamber c in Fig. 1. These ports or passages c, e, and care controlled by heads a and a of valve 13, alternately opening port 6to the pressuresupply portion of the valve-chamber, as seen in Fig. 1,and then cutting such port off from such portion by the endwise'movement of the valve B, carrying the heads with it. \Vhen. the valvehas moved into the position seen in Fig. 1 and opened port 0 to thepressuresupply, it has by its movement carried head a to the left, asshown, and cut off port 6 from the same supply and opened such port 6 toport 0 through the space between the heads a and a which space is cutoif from the supply by heads a and a working in valvechamber B andpracticallyfitting therein and forming a space practicallyisolated fromthe pressure-supply of the valve-chamber. On the reverse movement ofvalve B the head a is moved over port E and on the other side of it, sothat such head rests in the chamber between ports 6 and 0 as seen inFig. 2, and cutting port 0 off from port 6 and opening it to thepressure-supply portion of the chamber, as is well known. The movementof the heads a and a relatively to the ports or passages c, c, and calternately admits air or steam to one end of piston I) and opens theother end to the atmosphere, and piston D is moved back and forth invits cylinder accordingly as valve 13 controls passages or ports (2, andc As shown, a. port 1' is formed in the righthand end of valve-chamber Band leads into the cylinder and enters its interior to the left of theexhaust-chamber c". A similar port or passage 6 is formed at theleft-hand end of the valve-chamber and leads into the cylinder at theright of exhaust-chamber 6. Also, as shown, these ports or passages iand i enter that portion of the cylinder 0 alternately occupied more orless by the heads (7 and (Z of piston I), so as to be alternately openedand closed to the annular space (P, which is in communication withexhaust chamber a by two openings 7' and j between such chamber and theinterior of cylinder (,1, also as before shown.

The foregoing arrangement of parts and passages or ports is shown as aconvenient one, and any arrangement may be used that is desired so longas the general character or mode of operation of the engine is notmaterially changed from that of the examples heretofore mentioned.

In engines of this class fluid-pressure has been admitted to the ends ofthe valve-chamber by leakage past the heads of the valve or byequivalent means, provision being made for this either by somewhatloosely fitting the heads in the valve-chamber or in some other manner,and the admission was practically taking place to each end portion ofthe valvechamber at the same time or to passages leading thereto, fromone of which the fluid-pressure could readily escape,while from theother it could not until permitted by the movement of the piston in thecylinder, which movement shut off the escape or exhaust offluid-pressure from that end of the valvechamber from which it waspreviously free to escape.

The fluid-supply inlet A to the valve-chamber B connects with a channel.9, which branches and extends crosswise of the valveehamber on oppositesides of the ports or passsages e, e, and 6 as indicated by full linesin Fig. 3,two inlets A being there shown,only one of which is intendedtobe in use at a time, the other being plugged up, asis customary manytimes with engines of this class,thatinlet of the two desired beingused. As shown in Fig. 3, these branches of channel 3 divide thevalvechamber B into three p0rtions-one at the right-hand end of Fig. 3,in which head a of valve B works back and forth; another at the left endof the chamber, in which head a of valve works, and a middle portion, inwhich ports or passages e, e, and 6 open and in which heads a and a ofthe valve work in controlling such ports or passages. In the right-handend portion of chamber B and adjacent to the channel .9, leading to thesupplyinlet, a port or passage 0 is formed and preferably leads fromthis portion into the exhaust -passage, 2' which leads from the outerend of such portion to the midway portion of the cylinder 0, as beforeexplained. As shown in Fig. 1, this port or passage 0 is closed or cutoff from the ii uid-pressure supply through channel .5, by the head a,by valve 13 occupying that portion of the valve-chamber into which portor passage 0 opens. In the lefthand portion a similar port or passage 0is formed, which preferably leads into exhaust passage or port i, whichport 0' is similarly located relatively to the supply inlet and channels toward that end of the valve-chamber as is port or passage 0 at theopposite end of such channel. As shown in Fig. 1, port or passage 0 isopen to channel 5 by reason of head a ofvalve B being near the extremeleft of the chamber and that portion into which port 0 opens isunoccupied by such head.

With the parts in the positions seen in Fig. 1 the valve B is supposedto have just moved to the left to the extent seen and to have openedport of passage 6 to exhaust-port c for the exhaust of the pressure atthe lefthand end of the piston D to the atmosphere and to have openedport or passage 6' to the supply portion of the valve-chamber for theadmission of pressure to the right-hand end of piston D to move it tothe left, which piston is shown at or nearthe end of its stroke to theright and ready to begin its movement to the left. Exhaust port orpassage 1 is IIO shown as in open communication with the left end of thevalve-chamber and with the atmosphere through annular space 61 openingj, and exhaust-chamber 6 As port or passage 0 enters port or passage 4,whatever fluid-pressure, as air or steam, which passes through port 0 isfree to escape to the atmosphere so long as passage 2" remains open, asjust described, and there is no substantial accumulation of pressure inthe left-hand portion of the valve-chamber behind head a or within portor passage 2". Port or passage 1' remains open to the atmosphere untilpiston-head d has moved to the left sufficiently to cover opening j fromthe interior of the cylinder 0 to exhaust-chamber a when it is closedand remains closed until the return movement of piston D opens it to theannular space (1 between piston-heads d and 61. At this time passage 2"is suddenly opened to the atmosphere, and whatever air or steam that hadbeen admitted to passage t" and at the left of head a of valve B issuddenly exhausted therefrom, permitting the pressure at the oppositeend of the valve B to move it to the left, as seen in Fig. 1, from theposition where it is seen in Fig. 2. On the movement of the piston-headd to the left it passes beyond the opening j from the cylinder to theexhaust-chamber e and annular space (1 is brought into communicationwith exhaust passage 1', leading from the right-hand end of thevalve-chamber to the cylinder, when whatever air or steam is within thatend of the chamber and in passage 2' is suddenly exhausted to the openair and permitting the .air or steam admitted to port or passage 't" andthe left-hand end of the valve-chamber through port or passage 0 toexpand and return it to the position seen in Fig. 1.

move the valve from the position'seen in Fig. 1 to that seen in Fig. 2,at the same time uncovering port or passage 0 from the righthand portionof the valve-chamber to port or passage 2', and thence to the open airthrough annular space d opening j, and exhaustchamber 6 This causesvalve B to move into the position seen in Fig. 2, opening port e to port(2 and the exhaust-chamber and also opening port 6 to the supply portionofthe valve-chamber, permitting the steam or air which forced the pistonto the left to escape to the open air and also admitting steam or air tothe left-hand end of the piston to In this movement exhaust port orpassage 2' is closed, leaving port or passage 0 open thereto and to theright-hand end of the valve-chamber for the admission of steam or airthereto to move valve B to the left and exhaust port or passage 2" isopened and port or passage 0 is closed.

Ports or passages 0 and 0 are conveniently arranged relatively toexhaust-passages z' and '5, the valve-chamber, and valve-heads a and aas here shown; but they may be differently arranged, if desired, so longas the mode of operation is not materially changed. For in stance, anarrangement similar to that shown in Fig. 4 may be adopted, if desired,this simply indicating one change among those which may be made, ifdesired.

In Fig. 4 the parts are similar to those seen in preceding figures, butthe arrangement of ports or passages 0 and 0 relatively to the otherports, passages, and parts is somewhat changed. The valve B is in thesame position in 4 as in Fig. 1 and it is movable from one position tothe other in the same way notwithstanding the change in arrangement justreferred to. The port or passage 0 which corresponds in substance toport or passage 0 of the construction seen in preceding figures, leadsfrom the right-hand portion of valve chamber B, at a point adjacent tochannel 8 near that portion of the chamber, down and outside thereofuntil near the right-hand end, where it opens into the chamber betweenits end wall and head a as indicated at the right of Fig. 4. The port orpassage 0 correspond-v ing in substance to port or passage 0 ofpreceding figures, leads from the left-hand portion of chamber B, asindicated in 4, to a point between the end wall of that portion and heada. WVhen valve B is in the position shown in Fig. 4, head closes portor. passage 0 the channel .9, and air or steam is cut off from enteringpassage 0 and between head a and the right end wall of the chamber andthence through exhaust-passage 71 until such head has moved to the rightand uncovered port or passage 0 \Vhen valve B is in the position shownin Fig. 4, port or passage 0 is open to the valve-chamber and channel 3and air or steam is free to enter port or passage 0 and flow from thenceinto the chamber between head a of valve B and the left end wall of suchchamber and from thence into exhaust port or passage 2", as in the caseof the construction and arrangement seen in preceding figures. In Fig. 4air or steam is first admitted to the spaces between the end walls ofvalve-chamber B and the heads a and a and thence intotheexhaust-passages, while in Figs. 1 and 3, inclusive, steam or air isfirst admitted to the exhaust-passages and thence to the spaces betweenthe end walls of the valve-chamber and the heads a and a It is simply adifference in the path of admission of air or steam into such spaces forthe purpose of actuating the valve B and not a material difference inthe work done or in the mode of operation of the parts in doing suchexhaust-passages are not closed by the piston whatever fluid-pressurethat passes out and through such passages 0, 0, 0 and 0 is free to passor exhaust to the open air.

It will be manifest to those skilled in the art to which this inventionpertains that other changes in arrangement may be made without departingfrom the principle of the invention, and therefore I do not wish toconfine myself to the specific forms and arrangements herein set forthand wish to include such forms and arrangements as may be within thespirit of my invention.

\Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In a fluid-pressure engine the combination, substantially as setforth, of a cylinder, a piston therefor, a valve-chest, a piston-valvetherefor, exhaust-passages leading from near the ends of the valve-chestand communicating with the cylinder which are controlled by themovements of the piston in the cylinder, passages leading out from theinterior of the valve-chamber and communicating with the opposite endsthereof, the ports of which are alternately opened and closed by themovements of the valve in the chamber.

2. In a fluid-pressure engine the combination, substantially as setforth of a cylinder, a piston therefor, a valve-chest, a piston-valvetherefor, a supply-passage leading into the valve-chamber of the chest,exhaust-passages leading from near the ends of the valvechamber andcommunicating with the cylinder which are controlled by the movements ofthe piston in the cylinder, and passages leading out from the interiorof the valveehamber and communicating with the opposite ends thereof,the ports of which are alternately closed from and opened to thesupply-passage by the movement of the valve in the chamber.

3. In a fluid-pressure engine the combination, substantially as setforth, of a cylinder, apiston therefor, a valve-chest, a pi ston-valvetherefor provided with four heads, a supplypassage leading around and toopposite sides of the two middle heads in the valve-chamber,exhaust-passages leading from near the ends of the valve-chest andcommunicating with the cylinder which are controlled by the movements ofthe piston in the cylinder, and passages leading out from the interiorof the valve-chamber adjacent to the supply-passage and communicatingwith the opposite ends thereof, which are alternately closed from andopened to such supply-passage by the movements of the valve in thechamber.

'-.l. In a fluid-pressure engine the combination, substantially as setforth, of a cylinder, a piston therefor, a valve-chest, a pistonvalvetherefor provided with four heads, a

supply-passage leading into the spaces between the two middle and theiradjacent end heads of the piston-valve, exhaust-passages leading fromnear the ends of the valve-chest and communicating with the cylinder,which are controlled by the movements of the piston in the cylinder, andpassages leading out from the interior of the valve-chamber adjacent tothe supply-passage and communieating with the opposite ends thereof,which are alternately opened and closed by the movements of the endheads of the valve in the chamber.

5. In a fluid-pressure engine the combination substantially as set forthof a cylinder, a piston therefor, a valve chest, a pistonvalve therefor,a supply-passage leading into the valve-chamber of the chest,exhaust-passages leading from near the ends of the valvechamber andcommunicating with the cylinder which are controlled by the movements ofthe piston in the cylinder, and passages leading out from the interiorof the valveehamber and communicating with the opposite ends thereof,each of which is open to the supply-passage and its end of thevalvechamber when the valve has moved some distance toward such end andis closed therefrom on the return movement of such valve.

6. In a fluid-pressure engine the combination, substantially as setforth, of a cylinder, a piston therefor, a valvechest, a pistonvalvetherefor, exhaust-passages leading from near the ends of thevalve-chamber to the cylinder which are controlled by the movements ofthe piston in the cylinder and passages leading out from the interior ofthe valve-chamber into the exhaust-passages respectively which arealternately opened and closed by the movements of the piston-valve inits chamber.

7. I11 a fluid-pressure engine the combination, substantially as setforth of a cylinder, a piston therefor, a valvechest, a pistonvalvetherefor provided with end heads exhaust-passages leading from near theends of the valve-chamber to the cylinder which are controlled by themovements of the piston in the cylinder and passages leading out fromthe interior of the valve-chamber into the exhaust-passages, one passageforeach exhaustpassage and adj aeent to that end of the valvechamberinto which such exhaust-passage opens andin position to be closed by themovement of the head of the valve at that end of the valve-chest as suchvalve moves toward the opposite end of the chest.

JOHN PENGILLY.

Witnesses:

LEwIs J. ANGEVINE, ERNEST W. STRATMANN.

